Hợp chất carbonyl

Home Lớp 11 Hoá học Lớp 11 - Sách Kết nối tri thức Bài 23: Hợp chất carbonylBài tập nâng cao

{"common":{"save":0,"post_id":"9697","level":3,"total":10,"point":10,"point_extra":0},"segment":[{"id":"8504","post_id":"9697","mon_id":"1159892","chapter_id":"1160178","question":"Th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t (X) b\u1eb1ng hydrogen có xúc tác thích h\u1ee3p, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 2-methylpropan-1-ol (isobutyl alcohol). Công th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a (X) là<\/p>","options":["A. CH3-CH2-CHO.","B. CH2 = CH-CH2-CH2OH.","C. CH3- CH=C(CH3)-CHO.","D. CH2=C(CH3)-CHO."],"correct":"4","level":"3","hint":"Khi kh\u1eed t\u1ea1o 2-methylpropan-1-ol, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i có nhóm C=O. Xem xét aldehyde ho\u1eb7c ketone nào sau khi c\u1ed9ng H\u2082 cho \u0111úng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>","answer":"\u0110áp án: D. CH2=C(CH3)-CHO.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul> <li data-end=\"182\" data-start=\"100\">\u0110\u1ec1 cho bi\u1ebft s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m kh\u1eed là 2-methylpropan-1-ol<\/strong>, \u0111ây là ancol b\u1eadc m\u1ed9t<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li> <li data-end=\"267\" data-start=\"183\">Khi kh\u1eed, ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i là m\u1ed9t h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t có nhóm C=O<\/strong> (andehit ho\u1eb7c xeton).<\/p><\/li> <li data-end=\"404\" data-start=\"268\">Xem xét c\u1ea5u trúc: sau khi nhóm C=O c\u1ed9ng H\u2082, nhóm –OH s\u1ebd hình thành \u1edf v\u1ecb trí carbonyl, t\u1ea1o \u0111úng c\u1ea5u trúc c\u1ee7a 2-methylpropan-1-ol<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li> <li data-end=\"470\" data-start=\"405\">Công th\u1ee9c phù h\u1ee3p cho h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ban \u0111\u1ea7u là CH\u2082=C(CH\u2083)-CHO<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li><\/ul>","type":"choose","extra_type":"classic","user_id":"139","test":"0","date":"2025-07-29 23:49:48","option_type":"txt","len":2},{"id":"8505","post_id":"9697","mon_id":"1159892","chapter_id":"1160178","question":"Ch\u1ea5t nào sau \u0111ây không ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 trong NH3 t\u1ea1o thành k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a?<\/p>","options":["A. CH3-C&equiv;CH.","B. OHC-CHO. ","C. CH3CHO.","D. CH3-C&equiv;C-CH3."],"correct":"4","level":"3","hint":"Dung d\u1ecbch Tollens (AgNO\u2083\/NH\u2083) ch\u1ec9 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi nhóm –CHO ho\u1eb7c –C&equiv;CH. Ch\u1ecdn ch\u1ea5t không có nh\u1eefng nhóm ch\u1ee9c này.<\/p>","answer":"\u0110áp án: D. CH3-C&equiv;C-CH3.<\/strong><\/span><\/p><ul> <li data-end=\"293\" data-start=\"87\">Thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed Tollens (AgNO\u2083\/NH\u2083) ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi:<\/p> <ul data-end=\"293\" data-start=\"137\"> <li data-end=\"206\" data-start=\"137\">An\u0111ehit (–CHO):<\/strong> b\u1ecb oxi hóa thành –COOH, t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a b\u1ea1c (Ag).<\/p><\/li> <li data-end=\"293\" data-start=\"209\">Ankin có liên k\u1ebft ba \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea1ch (–C&equiv;CH):<\/strong> t\u1ea1o mu\u1ed1i b\u1ea1c ho\u1eb7c mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ed3ng, k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.<\/p><\/li> <\/ul> <\/li> <li data-end=\"659\" data-start=\"295\">Xét các ch\u1ea5t:<\/p> <ul data-end=\"659\" data-start=\"315\"> <li data-end=\"394\" data-start=\"315\">A. CH\u2083–C&equiv;CH:<\/strong> ankin \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea1ch → có H linh \u0111\u1ed9ng → ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a Ag.<\/p><\/li> <li data-end=\"487\" data-start=\"397\">B. OHC–CHO (\u0111ial\u0111ehit):<\/strong> có 2 nhóm –CHO → ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi Tollens → t\u1ea1o nhi\u1ec1u Ag.<\/p><\/li> <li data-end=\"547\" data-start=\"490\">C. CH\u2083CHO (etanol):<\/strong> là an\u0111ehit → ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o Ag.<\/p><\/li> <li data-end=\"659\" data-start=\"550\">D. CH\u2083–C&equiv;C–CH\u2083 (but-2-in):<\/strong> ankin không \u0111\u1ea7u m\u1ea1ch<\/strong>, không có H linh \u0111\u1ed9ng \u1edf C&equiv;C → không ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng<\/strong>.<\/p><\/li> <\/ul> <\/li><\/ul>","type":"choose","extra_type":"classic","user_id":"139","test":"0","date":"2025-07-29 23:50:38","option_type":"txt","len":2},{"id":"8506","post_id":"9697","mon_id":"1159892","chapter_id":"1160178","question":"Cho 1 mL dung d\u1ecbch AgNO3 1% vào \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m s\u1ea1ch, l\u1eafc nh\u1eb9, sau \u0111ó nh\u1ecf t\u1eeb t\u1eeb t\u1eebng gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch NH3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn khi k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a sinh ra b\u1ecb hòn tan h\u1ebft. Nh\u1ecf ti\u1ebfp 3-5 gi\u1ecdt dung d\u1ecbch (X), \u0111un nóng nh\u1eb9 h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng 60oC-70oC trong vài phút, trên thành \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n l\u1edbp b\u1ea1c sáng nh\u01b0 g\u01b0\u01a1ng. Ch\u1ea5t (X) là ch\u1ea5t nào sau \u0111ây?<\/p>","options":["A. Butanone.","B. Ethanol.","C. Formaldehyde.","D. Glycerol."],"correct":"3","level":"3","hint":"Thí nghi\u1ec7m “tráng b\u1ea1c” là ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a aldehyde. Xác \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t (X) ch\u1ee9a nhóm –CHO.<\/p>","answer":"\u0110áp án: C. Formaldehyde.<\/strong><\/span><\/p>A. Butanone (CH3COCH2CH3):<\/strong> → Là xeton, không có nhóm –CHO ⇒ không ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tráng b\u1ea1c<\/strong>.<\/p>B. Ethanol (CH3CH2OH):<\/strong> → Là ancol b\u1eadc 1, không có nhóm –CHO ⇒ không ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tráng b\u1ea1c<\/strong>.<\/p>C. Formaldehyde (HCHO):<\/strong> → Chính là m\u1ed9t aldehyde<\/strong> \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n nh\u1ea5t ⇒ ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tráng b\u1ea1c m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd<\/strong>, t\u1ea1o l\u1edbp b\u1ea1c sáng.<\/p>D. Glycerol (C3H5(OH)3):<\/strong> → Là polyancol (không có nhóm –CHO) ⇒ không ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tráng b\u1ea1c<\/strong>.<\/p>","type":"choose","extra_type":"classic","user_id":"139","test":"0","date":"2025-07-29 23:51:11","option_type":"txt","len":2}]}